Gynecologist
A gynecologist, also known as an OB/GYN (obstetrician-gynecologist), is a doctor who specializes in women’s reproductive health and the care of pregnant women. They provide a wide range of services, including preventive care, diagnosis, and treatment of reproductive and sexual health issues, and manage complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
- Providing annual well-woman exams: This includes performing pelvic exams, Pap tests, and cancer screenings.
- Diagnosing and treating reproductive system disorders: This may include conditions like endometriosis, infertility, ovarian cysts, and pelvic pain.
- Managing pregnancy and childbirth: Gynecologists provide prenatal care, monitor pregnancies, and deliver babies, as well as care for postpartum women.
- Counseling and education: Gynecologists offer guidance on family planning, birth control, and other reproductive health topics.
- Performing surgical procedures: They may perform procedures like hysterectomies, tubal ligations, or other surgeries related to the female reproductive system.
- Testing and treating sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Gynecologists provide STI testing and treatmen
What Does a Gynecologist Do?
Gynecologists give reproductive and sexual health services that include pelvic exams, Pap tests, cancer screenings, and testing and treatment for vaginal infections.
They diagnose and treat reproductive system disorders such as endometriosis, infertility, ovarian cysts, and pelvic pain. They may also care for people with ovarian, cervical, and other reproductive cancers.
Some gynecologists also practice as obstetricians, who give care during pregnancy and birth. If a gynecologist has expertise in obstetrics, they’re called an OB/GYN.
Reasons to See a Gynecologist
You may want to see a gynecologist if:
You’re Due for a Checkup
It’s important to have regular visits with your gynecologist to maintain your reproductive health. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, these visits should start between the ages of 13 and 15.
Depending on your health history and how old you are, your gynecologist may use this visit to screen for problems like cervical or breast cancer. The well visit is also your chance to ask the gynecologist about reproductive health concerns like birth control.
You Have Discomfort in Your Pelvic Region
Pain in the lower belly, also known as the pelvic region, may be a sign of a problem with the reproductive organs. Common causes of pelvic pain include menstrual cramps, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, and ectopic pregnancy.
You Have Concerns about Your Period or Getting Pregnant
You can make an appointment with a gynecologist if you have changes in your monthly period, including unusual pain or bleeding. If you are in your 40s or 50s, your gynecologist can help you to figure out if you might be going through menopause.
Gynecologists can also help you with questions about pregnancy, including how to avoid getting pregnant and what to do if you think you might be pregnant.
You Have a Discharge You’re Concerned About
If you’re having an unusual discharge or odor, a gynecologist can diagnose the cause and offer treatment.
What to Expect at the Gynecologist
Your gynecologist will examine your reproductive system, both internally and externally. They’ll examine your breasts and check for any lumps or cysts.
They’ll then examine your vulva, which is outside of the vagina.
The next step is usually an internal pelvic exam. To see inside the body, a gynecologist uses a tool known as a speculum, which the doctor inserts into the vagina. It helps to widen the vagina and helps the doctor see the cervix, which is between the vagina and the uterus.
During the pelvic exam, the gynecologist may do a procedure known called a Pap test. It lets the doctor collect a sample of cells from the cervix to check for abnormal cells.
Your doctor may also press on your belly and pelvis and may insert a gloved finger into your rectum to check for any problems.
If your gynecologist diagnoses you with a medical condition, they may give you treatment or refer you to a specialist. Depending on the problem, your treatments may involve medication, surgery, or a wait-and-see approach.
Talking to your OB/GYN
Use your annual OB/GYN appointment as an opportunity to ask questions. Even if your questions seem intimate or embarrassing, you can be sure that your doctor has heard them before. It’s OK to ask about your periods, sex, or whatever you want to know about your reproductive health.
Your OB/GYN should also ask you a lot of questions. These questions might get very personal, but your doctor needs to know the answers to care for you properly. Questions can deal with:
- Your period and any problems with it, such as missed or heavy periods
- Vaginal discharge
- Whether you’re sexually active and how active you are
- The number of sexual partners, both that you have now and have had in the past
- Sexual issues or problems
- Any sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) you’ve had or think you might have
- Birth control methods
- Vaccine history
Remember that your OB/GYN is your partner in reproductive health. Carry on that partnership by making and keeping your annual appointments. In between visits, let your doctor know if you have any new problems.
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